15 The topic of this glossary is Biotechnology. terms
My name is Anneke Schrey and I attend Ahuntsic College. My field is Biotechnology and I have been studying in this field for a year. This is my second glossary about this topic in which I will define 15 more terms used in Biotechnology. Some of these terms are related to gene therapy, which is a technology closely related to this field. The glossary includes the definition, the part of speech, an example, the French translation, the pronunciation and an image of each term.
anatomy
noun
The branch of biology and medicine that studies the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms.
Example: The ANATOMY of these enigmatic animals has puzzled researchers for years.
fr: anatomie
antibody
noun
A protein of the immune system that circulates in the blood, recognizes foreign substances like bacteria and viruses, and neutralizes them.
Example: The vaccine is given during each subsequent pregnancy because those ANTIBODIES decrease in the mother's body over time.
fr: anticorps
atrophy
noun
A decrease in size of a body part, organ, or tissue.
Example: The doctor is concerned about possible ATROPHY of the shoulder muscles.
fr: atrophie
bacteria
noun
Small single-celled organisms that are vital to ecosystems including some that can cause diseases.
Example: On top of that is the concerning rise of superbugs, strains of BACTERIA with the highest resistance to multiple drugs.
fr: bactérie
disorder
noun
A condition that results in abnormal physical and/or mental functioning.
Example: Pacemaker surgery is used to treat a wide range of heart rhythm DISORDERS.
fr: trouble
drug
noun
A substance used to prevent, diagnose or cure a disease or to alleviate its symptoms.
Example: A new DRUG used to treat people with high blood pressure.
fr: médicament
dystrophy
noun
A genetic condition in which organs or tissues degenerate.
Example: The disease is also known as hereditary retinal DYSTROPHY.
fr: dystrophie
gene therapy
noun
A technique that involves the modification of a person's genes in order to treat or cure a genetic disorder.
Example: This isn’t the first time researchers have attempted to use GENE THERAPY for hearing loss.
fr: thérapie génique
host
noun
A living organism that is infected by a pathogen or in which a parasite lives.
Example: When one species, known as the symbiont, lives within the body of the other, known as the HOST, the relation is called endosymbiotic.
fr: hôte
immunodeficiency
noun
Failure of the immune system to protect the body adequately from infection, due to the absence or insufficiency of some component process or substance.
Example: Certain conditions, such as sickle cell anemia, common variable IMMUNODEFIENCY, or spleen removal can also leave people vulnerable to repeat infections.
fr: immunodeficience
inflammation
noun
A defensive response of the immune system resulting in redness and swelling or symptoms such as fever.
Example: In severe or chronic cases, a healthcare provider may temporarily prescribe corticosteroids to address the INFLAMMATION and bring relief.
fr: inflammation
neuromuscular
adjective
Involving or affecting nervous and muscular elements.
Example: Poor coordination and balance either due to a cerebellar lesion or a NEUROMUSCULAR condition.
fr: neuromusculaire
pharmaceutical
adjective
Relating to medicinal drugs, or their preparation, use, or sale.
Example: The Swiss PHARMACEUTICAL company Novartis launched a trial in 2014 for adults with severe hearing loss due to the damage of their sensory hair cells.
fr: pharmaceutique
protein
noun
Large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body.
Example: Scientists more often study genes and PROTEINS already known to have important functions.
fr: protéine
virus
noun
An infectious agent that can only replicate within a host organism.
Example: I think I have the VIRUS that's going around this winter.
